Vol. 30, No. 1 (Spring 2006)
CONTENTS, Spring 2006
Articles
1. Routine Activites and Television Viewing: An Exploration of the Influences of Fear of Crime in Lisbon, PortugalAuthors: Maria Joao Lobo Antunes. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 1 - 23.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
2. Policing Public Assemby in China: Historical Continuity, Constitutional Departure, and Political Change
Authors: Kam C. Wong. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 25- 48.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
3. A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Domestic Violence in a Minority Community and Police Response: A Case Study on Hmong Offenders
Authors: Youngol Yim. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 49 - 74.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
4. Turkish Hizballah: A Case Study of Radical Terrorism
Authors: Suleyman Ozeren and Cecile Van De Voorde. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 75 - 93.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
Country Profile
5. The Proliferation of Private Security Agencies in South Africa and its Concomitant Effect on Crime Prevention and Crime ReductionAuthors: Kris Pillay. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 95 - 117.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
Book Reviews
6. Criminal Law SourcebookAuthor: Ali Adnan Al-Feel. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 109 - 114.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
7. Voilence at Work: Causes, Patterns, Prevention
Author: Sadik Arin. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 115 - 118.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
8. American Militias: State-Level Variations in Militia Activities
Author: Angela Micaela Brown. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 119 - 122.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
9. Extreme Killing: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder
Author: Margaret A. Fischer. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 123 - 126.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
10. Understanding Homicide
Author: Eric L. Grommon. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 127 - 130.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
11. Will the Circle Be Broken? Aboriginal Communities, Restorative Justice, and the Challenges of Conflict and Change
Author: Jeff Gruenewald. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 131 - 134.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
12. Youth Crime and Youth Culture in the Inner City
Author: Johnson Joseph D. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 135 - 138.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
13. Understanding Global Slavery: A Reader
Author: Karakus Onder. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 139 - 142.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
14. The New Global Terrorism: Characteristics, Causes, Controls
Author: Bilal Sevinc. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 1; pp. 143 - 147.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
Abstracts
Lobo Antunes, M.J. (2006). Routine Activities and Television Viewing: An Exploration of the Influences of
Fear of Crime in Lisbon, Portugal. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 1 - 23.
In 1999, the Centre of Public Opinion Surveys (CESOP) of the Portuguese Catholic University, in collaboration with the Mayor of Lisbon’s Security Department, formed the Lisbon Safety Observatory (LSO). The Centre was to conduct a series of annual surveys aimed at assessing victimization and safety issues in the city of Lisbon. The analyses revealed surprising information regarding fear of crime and victimization. Victimization was found to be extremely low; only 7 in every 100 persons surveyed had been the victim of a personal crime, yet over 60% expressed concern for their safety. Viewed in the light of recent developments in routine activities (Wilcox, et al., 2003) and the effect these have on fear of crime, this paper proposes an explanatory model of fear using elements from this theory and incorporating other potential explanations including media exposure (Chiricos, et al., 2001) and prior victimization. The results are analyzed using OLS regression. Contrary to popular expectation, victimization has little influence on fear of crime; rather, it is primarily mediated by routine activities and variables of guardianship, exposure to motivated offenders, target attractiveness, and to a lesser extent exposure to media, specifically television.
Wong K.C. (2006). Policing Public Assembly in China: Historical Continuity, Constitutional
Departure, and Political Change. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 25 - 48.
This paper is a comparative study of the law of assembly between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) vs. the Republic of China (ROC). The comparison is achieved by looking at how these two Chinese societies structure police powers during assembly, procession, and demonstration ¾ textually and contextually. Particularly, it investigates how the forces of history, constitution, and politics converge to define and shape the Law of Assembly. This comparative project is conducted to understand the relative development of police powers in the two Chinese societies, which once were linked by history and culture and are now divided by geography and ideology. In a still larger context, this research employs comparative policing to expose and explicate how the police in two closed societies, the ROC (Confucianist) and the PRC (Socialist), come to terms with social protests and political challenges, and suggests how to balance the forces of reform and control with the use of law.
Al-Feel, A.D. (2006). Criminal Law Sourcebook. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 109- 114.
Criminal law is a species of political and moral philosophy. Its central cause is justifying the use of the state’s coercive power against free and autonomous persons. The link with moral philosophy derives from one answer to the problem of justifying the use of state power. If the rationale or a limiting condition of criminal punishment is personal desserts, then legal theory invariably interweaves with philosophical claims about wrongdoing, culpability, and justifying circumstances and excuses.
Sadik, A. (2006). Violence at work: Causes,patterns and Prevention. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 115- 117.
Violence at Work: Causes, Patterns, and Prevention includes 12 articles authored by academics and practitioners from the United States, Britain, and Australia. The chapters present a broad set of perspectives on the issues related to workplace violence, inventive thinking about its causes, and approaches to reducing and preventing different types of violence. Editors Martin Jill of the University of Leicester (U.K.), Bonnie Fisher of the University of Cincinnati (U.S.), and Vaughan Bowie of the University of Western Sydney (Australia) intend to provide a foundation on which others may develop new theories and improve current theories to explain, predict,and understand workplace violence and to develop more effective prevention strategies. The editors review the earlier literature on workplace violence and identify key trends and patterns in violence at work. They reapply and expand on traditional theories of victimization and approaches to prevention, security, and safety
Brown, A.M. (2006). American Militias: State-Level Variations in Militia Activites. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 119 - 122.
This paper critically examines how quantitative cross-national crime studies have ignored socio-historical context in their analyses and interpretation of results. In particular, spatial and temporal dynamics that shape the social, political, and economic characteristics of nation-states are often overlooked in favor of variable-driven models. This paper illustrates how two popular research design decisions, namely the use of non-representative samples and cross-sectional designs, minimize the importance of space and time in quantitative cross-national crime research. It reviews the quantitative cross-national crime literature of the past 40 years and uses examples from the treatment of the countries of the former communist bloc in Eastern Europe to highlight some of the limitations of these research designs. The paper concludes with recommendations for incorporating socio-historical context into quantitative comparative criminology.
Fisher, M.A. (2006). Extreme killing: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 123 - 126.
This book presents research on the militia movement in 50 states during 1994 and 1995. The main focus of the author’s investigation is to understand what differentiated states that had more militia organizations from those states with fewer. Secondly, the author seeks to fill a void in the literature on militia through the use of both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The introductory chapter spells out the author’s focus and goals and does a good job of preparing the reader for the chapters ahead. The author draws from scholarly articles and books, analyses by journalists and others, books by human rights watch groups, senate hearings, and materials produced by the militia members themselves. A number of hypotheses and predictions are set forth, which could account for observed variations in the distribution and level of activities of militia groups. There also is a discussion of data and methods as well as study results and implications.
Grommon E.L (2006). Understanding Homicide. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 127 - 134.
In Understanding Homicide, Fiona Brookman presents a comprehensive overview of homicide in the United Kingdom. Like many topical texts, this book provides the reader with quantitative information that describes patterns, characteristics, and typologies as well as theoretical information that describes the body of knowledge used to explain the phenomenon. What sets this book apart is not its focus specifically upon the United Kingdom, but rather its ability to critically assess our current state of knowledge regarding homicide. Homicide is discussed as a socially constructed crime category that is difficult to define and categorize due to the diversity of forms it takes. These very same characteristics make it difficult to develop universal theories and formulate preventative policy strategies. The reader is left with the impression that very little is known about homicides. Moreover, what is known is shaky at best.
Gruenewald J. (2006).Will the Circle Be Unbroken? Aboriginal Communities, Restorative
Justice, and the Challenges of Conflict and Change. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 131 - 134.
Using extensive interviews with 32 males and 32 females serving life sentences in Indian prisons for domestic-related homicides, this study examines the cultural context in which those homicides took place. Compared to their male counterparts, female offenders had lower literacy rates, lower family incomes, minimal if any education, and lower employment skills. Male offenders killed siblings, parents, spouses, and children, while female offenders killed spouses, children, and adult daughters-in-law. Both males and females used knives or agricultural implements. Females were the only ones to use poison or drowning. No offender used a gun. The subordinate status of Indian women, the social taboos against female alcohol use and work outside the home, specific cultural tradition.
Johnson J.D. (2006).Youth Crime and Youth Culture in the Inner City. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 135 - 138.
In the wake of recent corporate scandals, such as Enron and WorldCom, that have left American shareholders, their families, and their futures in ruin, there has been an outcry for answers to questions about capitalism, power, and greed in the corporate world. Corruption in Corporate America: Who is Responsible? Who Will Protect the Public Interest? provides a detailed, acute analysis of these questions and the ways in which corruption has siphoned the integrity out of American corporations. A 40-year veteran of New York University’s Stern School of Business, including twenty as Dean, Abraham Gitlow illustrates his knowledge and expertise of the intricacies involved in big business.
Karakus O. (2006). Understanding Global Slavery: A Reader Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 139 - 142.
In Understanding Global Slavery, Kevin Bales writes eloquently about causes, continuation, and the widespread practice of slavery across the globe. His book raises awareness and promotes current understanding of modern slavery and its consequences. Bales builds his argument primarily on the evolving forms of slavery. He also shows how slavery is related to morals, economics, and politics throughout the world. The book is composed of eight chapters and a coda. The first six chapters focus on slavery, and the last two chapters are devoted to human trafficking. The coda presents suggestions for the reader to contribute to anti-slavery initiatives.
Sevinc, B. (2006). The New Global Terrorism: Characteristics, Causes, Controls. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp. 143 - 147.
In Understanding Global Slavery, Kevin Bales writes eloquently about causes, continuation, and the widespread practice of slavery across the globe. His book raises awareness and promotes current understanding of modern slavery and its consequences. Bales builds his argument primarily on the evolving forms of slavery. He also shows how slavery is related to morals, economics, and politics throughout the world. The book is composed of eight chapters and a coda. The first six chapters focus on slavery, and the last two chapters are devoted to human trafficking. The coda presents suggestions for the reader to contribute to anti-slavery initiatives.
