Vol. 30, No. 2 (Fall 2006)
CONTENTS, Fall 2006
Articles
1. Predictors of Social and Defensive Coping to Address Workplace Stressors: A Comparison of Police in South Korea and the Unites StatesAuthors: Merry Morash, Chang-Hun Lee, Vincent Hoffman, Sun Ho Cho, Robin Haarr.. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 2; pp. 149 - 176.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
2. Incorporating Socio-historical Context into Quantitative Cross-National Criminology
Authors: Janet P. Stamatel. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 2; pp. 177 - 208.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
3. Explaining Differences in Comparitive Criminological Research: An Empirical Exhibition
Authors: Martin gottschalk, Tony Smith, Gregory J. Howard, Bradely Stevens. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 2; pp. 209 - 234.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
4. Fear of Crime in Botswana: Impact of Gender, Victimization, and Incivility.
Authors: Joseph D. Johnson. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 2; pp. 235 - 254.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
5. Homicides by Males and Females in India
Authors: Beverly A. Smith, Sesha Kethineni. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 30, Iss. 2; pp. 255 - 284.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
Book Review
6. Corruption in Corporate America: Who is Responsible? Who will Protect the Public interest?Authors: Jeremy G. Carter. IJCACJ, 2006: Vol. 33, Iss. 2; pp. 285 - 287.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text - PDF
Abstracts
Morash, M. Hun Lee,C. Hoffman, V.,Cho, Sun Ho, Robin, H. (2006).Predictors of Social and Defensive Coping to Address Workplace Stressors: A Comparison of Police in South Korea and the Unites States. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 149- 176.
This paper focuses on effects of status differences of nationality, gender, age, education, social class, rank, and in the United States, race, on comparing how police cope with workplace stressors. It also considers whether the nature of workplace stressors, a collectivist orientation, and availability of social support explain subgroup differences in how officers cope. Survey data were collected from 676 South Korean and 947 U.S. officers. Coping that relies on social relationships is much more common in South Korea than the United States, but there are not similar country differences for defensive coping, such as taking formal action. Police officers use social coping if their workplace stressors are of an interpersonal nature, if they have a collectivist orientation and if they have strong social support, but these variables do not explain the country differences. The strongest predictor of defensive coping is the presence of interpersonal workplace stressors. Discussion focuses on cultural and organizational features that might explain the national differences, and on implications for police administrators, law enforcement organizations, and future research.
Stamatel, J.P. (2006).Incorporating Socio-historical Context into Quantitative Cross-National Criminology. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 177 - 208.
This paper critically examines how quantitative cross-national crime studies have ignored socio-historical context in their analyses and interpretation of results. In particular, spatial and temporal dynamics that shape the social, political, and economic characteristics of nation-states are often overlooked in favor of variable-driven models. This paper illustrates how two popular research design decisions, namely the use of non-representative samples and cross-sectional designs, minimize the importance of space and time in quantitative cross-national crime research. It reviews the quantitative cross-national crime literature of the past 40 years and uses examples from the treatment of the countries of the former communist bloc in Eastern Europe to highlight some of the limitations of these research designs. The paper concludes with recommendations for incorporating socio-historical context into quantitative comparative criminology.
(2006).Gottschalk, M. Smith, T. Howard, G.J. Stevens, B.R. Explaining Differences in Comparitive Criminological Research: An Empirical Exhibition. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 209 - 234.
This manuscript examines the correspondence between unofficial and official measures of cross-national crime for two violent and two non-violent offenses. More specifically, we report on the convergence of two official measures of cross-national crime, derived from the European Sourcebook and Interpol, and one unofficial measure of cross-national crime, provided by the International Crime (Victim) Survey, in terms of their depiction of sexual assault, robbery, domestic burglary, and motor vehicle theft. We evidence strong correlations between the official measures of crime with an expanded sample, but the official data and victimization data were not consistently associated with one another regardless of sample size. This intriguing pattern may be explained by sample size and sample composition. A small number of countries exerted a considerable influence on our findings when we used an expanded sample of countries. We conclude that future researchers using crossnational data must attend to the contextual features of the specific countries that they include in their research.
Johnson, J.D. (2008). Fear of Crime in Botswana: Impact of Gender, Victimization, and Incivility. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 235 - 254.
The subject of fear of crime has generated a substantial body of empirical study within Western industrialized society. However, the current focus on comparative criminology inspires efforts to study fear of crime cross culturally. This study attempts to assess some of the widely accepted predictors and conclusions of fear of crime found in developed nations on the urbanized capital city of Botswana. More specifically, in this article, the author explores the relationships between gender, victimization, incivility, and fear of crime in Gaborone, Botswana. Findings suggest that gender, victimization, and, in part, the environment are all useful in explaining fear of crime in Gaborne. However, it appears that gender, more than victimization and incivility, is itself a genuinely powerful determinant of fear of crime.
Smith, B.A. Kethineni, S. (2006). Homicides by Males and Females in India -- The Domestic Context. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 255 - 284.
Using extensive interviews with 32 males and 32 females serving life sentences in Indian prisons for domestic-related homicides, this study examines the cultural context in which those homicides took place. Compared to their male counterparts, female offenders had lower literacy rates, lower family incomes, minimal if any education, and lower employment skills. Male offenders killed siblings, parents, spouses, and children, while female offenders killed spouses, children, and adult daughters-in-law. Both males and females used knives or agricultural implements. Females were the only ones to use poison or drowning. No offender used a gun. The subordinate status of Indian women, the social taboos against female alcohol use and work outside the home, specific cultural tradition.
Book ReviewCarter, J.G. (2006). ‘Crimes of Honour’ and Violence against Women in the UK. Intl. Journal of Comp & Appl. Crim. Justice. Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 285 - 287.
In the wake of recent corporate scandals, such as Enron and WorldCom, that have left American shareholders, their families, and their futures in ruin, there has been an outcry for answers to questions about capitalism, power, and greed in the corporate world. Corruption in Corporate America: Who is Responsible? Who Will Protect the Public Interest? provides a detailed, acute analysis of these questions and the ways in which corruption has siphoned the integrity out of American corporations. A 40-year veteran of New York University’s Stern School of Business, including twenty as Dean, Abraham Gitlow illustrates his knowledge and expertise of the intricacies involved in big business.
